What You Do Matters

“What You Do Matters” is the essence of why many of us become nurses, doctors, healthcare workers. Rarely do we work shifts, and go through all we do in order to make lots of money (though that would be nice too…)

Rather for most of us it is the knowledge that we DO make a difference to our patients that keeps us going. Unfortunately with the acuity of our patients and the attendant alarms, pumps, and other equipment as well as everything else we deal with in life it is sometimes difficult to remember that this is what motivated us in the first place…

 

Sometimes we don't realise the difference we make to our patients or their loved ones. Often we'll have absolutely no idea, as the healthcare systems in which we do our human-to-human work simply fail to provide the mechanisms required for adequately expressing the depth of involvement and investment we have with the critically ill and they have in us.

In sum, while a thank you card and chocolate is nice, they don't always give us the whole picture. We can easily fall into the thought that whilst each nurse has nearly identical training and access to the same policies we are all interchangeable. And from a clinical skills perspective, that might be a fair assumption. But on that human level, nothing could be further from the truth…

 

Several years ago I was learning how to manage Renal Replacement Therapy (or dialysis machines). I was in the transitional learning stage of being confident with access, changing bags and setting up circuits and was in the process of integrating theories of currents, counter-currents, solutes and filtration. My patient allocations were starting to reflect this, with sicker patients (they actually came sicker than I was already getting???) and more technology.

 

I arrived on a night shift to find that my patient for the night was undergoing dialysis but was using a Hudson mask and not on a ventilator.

Non-ventilated patients were unusual for me at that point – I wasn't the junior nurse I had been, so I could manage with patients who were quite sick and that usually meant my patients were ventilated. There were newer staff in the slow wean patient phase, so I didn't see as many as I had.

(Of course I now realise that this is a huge responsibility on junior staff as our non-ventilated patients can be some our most unstable patients…)

She was sleepy, and it was late, so I used my neuro torch and the reflected light from the bed space examination light to do my assessment and safety checks and let her sleep. I noticed her yellow, jaundiced complexion, registered that that pale white of her eyes had turned egg yolk. She had a big day tomorrow: handover from my late shift colleague had indicated the dialysis would cease in the morning and she would be a ward transfer. We talked a bit, but mostly she slept. I studied my workbook on the dialysis machine and occaisionally changed a diasylate or replacement bag and that was the night.

Bold, golden light flooded the room in the morning. A truly astounding sunrise streaming through the window

We have huge windows, and this bed space has the best view of sunrise at certain times of the year (almost worth working nights for). I had forgotten to close the louvres but it wouldn't have mattered – the golden glow of the full sun would have burned straight through all but thick black plastic. It was glorious.

Without thinking too hard (I was going to bed soon) I asked her if she wanted to see it. She said yes, so I raised the back of the bed as high as it would go.

I noticed that my bare arms had taken on the same yellow glow from the sun as had everything else it touched.

Including, as she sat there watching wordlessly looking out the window, my patients' previously jaundiced skin.

Of course she was still jaundiced, but when everything else is changes to that golden yellow the mind automatically adjusts its expectations of what colour things really are. Again without thought (and probably tactlessly, under other circumstances) I said “see, in this light we've both got the same complexion and everything is normal again, just for a bit.”

My patient smiled at me, and nodded, both of us thinking if only her life were that simple.

I stood next to the bed, and we just looked out the window together for about ten minutes.

Then the wardies came, I moved her off her back, finished my work, wished her well and thanked her for her company during that magical sunrise.

Later that day, my girlfriend (now my wife, and a wonderful RN on another ward) woke me after she had finished her work as an Assistant in Nursing in the same ICU. We had a discussion about her day and a catch up as we do when we are on different shifts. She said she had been involved in cleaning a bed space after a patient death and the AIN team were perplexed by a message on the small whiteboard on the wall. No-one writes messages there. It is used for patient names and ACCESS nurse contact numbers.

 

None of the staff on day shift had understood it.

 

It said simply “thanks for the sunlight and see you in the sunrise.”

I explained my night shift and my experiences with the patient. She had hepato-renal syndrome on top of her end stage liver disease. The night I looked after her she was waiting for some family members to travel from interstate. She wasn't expected to last long after the dialysis ceased, and she hadn't. My girlfriend and I both cried for her and I was grateful for her message. I hadn't realised the difference I had made.

Remember, ALL the things you do make a difference. And you may never know the difference that you DO make.

So to all those who wonder what difference they make, I give you a reminder:

 

 

 

 

With thanks to @EM_educator who presented the above reminder to all at the Social Media and Critical Care conference, Gold Coast, Australia, 2014.

 

Advertisement

The Magic Numbers: The Soldier’s 5 of Arterial Blood Results (Lesson 1)

So you want to interpret your patient’s arterial blood results but it seems a lot to learn and you’re not sure where to start?

Here’s the Soldier’s 5 version:

 

  1. 35 and 45 are the two ‘Magic’ numbers to remember
  2. pH should be 7.35 to 7.45. Lower than 7.35 is acidotic, greater than 7.45 is alkalotic (determining a respiratory or metabolic cause is a bit more complicated – see point 2)
  3. pCO2 should be 35 mmHg to 45 mmHg. Lower than 35 mmHg can drive a respiratory alkalosis, higher than 45 mmHg can drive respiratory acidosis (if pCO2 is normal then a deranged pH has a metabolic cause or is compensated)
  4. Sodium (Na) should be 135 mmol/L to 145 mmol/L. Lower than 135 is hyponatraemia, higher than 145 is hypernatraemia
  5. Potassium (K) should be 3.5 mmol/L to 4.5 mmol/L.(*) Lower than 3.5 is hypokalaemia, higher than 4.5 is hyperkalaemia.

 

 

Interpreting blood results isn’t something that nurses should be afraid of. Don’t be afraid to have a go – talk to the staff you’re working with and ask them to help. Practice makes perfect.

 

If you think you’ve found something abnormal on your patient’s blood work, report it. In the worse case, it’s a great learning opportunity.

 

 

(*) some texts suggest a potassium of 5.2 mmol/L is the upper end of normal.

 

The values listed for Sodium and Potassium are the blood values – intracellular (or cytosol) values are almost perfectly reversed. This prevents osmosis of water into the cell.

 

 

A Soldier’s 5 is good for Clinicians, too

I spent some 6 years as an Army reservist in the Australian Army. Several aspects of my time (and training) have helped me in my career in both Anaesthetic and Intensive Care nursing. I’ll address some of these in future posts.

 

Perhaps the most relevant of these is the concept of the “Soldier’s 5”. It is a choice of 5 seconds, 5 minutes or 5 points that a soldier needs to know NOW.

An example might be using a new weapon:

  1. the pointy end (towards the bad guy)
  2. the safety (how not to hurt yourself)
  3. the trigger (how to actually fire the thing)
  4. The aiming reticle (how to aim it)
  5. Where the ammunition goes and how to re-attach magazines (how to keep the thing going)

Of course in the real world, a soldier would ideally have lessons on new equipment before heading into battle.

 

Much like healthcare.

 

The benefit of the “Soldier’s 5” is that the method can be used from simple points with new practitioners through to more complex tasks with experienced practitioners.

 

A clinical example might be:

 

  1. Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) is a form of positive pressure ventilation
  2. SIMV requires the patient breathe through an ETT
  3. It can be volume or pressure controlled (set volume OR pressure)
  4. SIMV allows a set number of breaths/minute but will “Synchronise” with spontaneous breaths
  5. SIMV generally allows PEEP and Pressure Support adjustment

 

It works with auditory and kinetic learners, and the short points can be recorded by visual learners.

 

The “Soldiers 5” is generally highly repeatable: once used, the learner can rapidly become the teacher.

 

Of course, there is no scope for in depth understanding or for learner questioning, so a thorough follow up session relating theory to practice with an educator is recommended.

The team leader isn’t always the senior registrar (or the Director of ICU)

About four years ago I took some leave from my position and worked in another department for 6 months or so. I didn’t do this because I wanted to, I did it because I had to. That will be a much later post, and is a much different story from this one. I mention it here because the story from this post happened in the midst of the worst week of my career that forced me away for 6 months and nearly out of nursing…

 

IMG_0633

The team leader isn’t always the senior registrar (or the Director of the ICU)…

At the start of our night shift we had an admission. She was a pillion passenger on a motorbike and had gone from the motorbike into a window, which had been thoughtfully opened by the rider of the bike who had been jettisoned though the glass head first, milliseconds earlier. He had died at the scene.

She had a head injury and severe liver damage and multiple long bone fractures and that night would require two operations in theatre and two trips to CT, as well as activated factor VII and the Massive Tranfusion Protocol. We couldn’t bring her ICP below 50mmHg, and she quite frankly had us all concerned.

All that was to come.

Right now she had just arrived in our ICU and had been too unstable for the emergency department to do a head scan, so our job was to stabilise her and get her to radiology on another floor and then back to our floor to OT.

A large team of nurses and junior doctors gathered at the bedside, ready to do what was required. The Director of ICU was the consultant and was standing back, arms casually folded, making decisions and guiding the team. Sometime over the next half hour the night shift doctors started drifting in, taking over from their day shift counterparts so they could prepare for the medical handover round.

Eventually, the consultant decided that if she was going to get to radiology now was the time. I was the ACCESS (or Bay nurse, or float nurse) in the area. He nodded towards me and I started delegating nurses to collect equipment, medications, transfer monitors and test transport ventilators, which is the kind of thing an ICU consultant might not know about. Keeping an eye on our activity and the patient the consultant started filling in the details for the night shift senior registrar.

I work with a truly wonderful team. Most of the senior nurses are interchangeable within roles, although we all have unique approaches to problems and situations. Right now, senior nurses and spare staff were completing delegated tasks, reporting to me and awaiting the next objective. I had people undertaking several steps of the process at the same time. Admittedly, this was before tabards clearly stating “Team Leader” or “Airway Nurse”…

Having been nominated to transfer the patient to CT, the oncoming senior registrar quickly looked around and asked the team at the bedspace if he could have some medications, (he seemed to ask everyone, or no-one, but not any one person) and proceded to list propofol (running already), noradrenaline (also running), vecuronium (infusing due to ICP), morphine (check) and midazolam (you guessed it, also being given) and then added mertaminol (something new).

Not only did he request those medications, he yelled those requests, with strengths and concentrations, and he yelled them over the quiet that had characterised our efforts so far.

Naturally, no-one much paid him attention. Certainly no one dropped what they were doing and ran to the medication room.

In the relative quiet after the senior registrar had stopped yelling, the Director of ICU quietly turned to the senior registrar and said “I don’t think you’re in charge just at the minute, do you?” And pointed in my direction.

A look of understanding crossed the registrar’s face, (the force was strong with this one) and he asked me for his preferred medications. I quickly ran him through what he currently had, and asked two nurses to ensure adequate supplies had been made up for the trip.

The patient was out the door and on the way in less than 10 minutes from the time the decision to go had been communicated.

At the recent smaccGOLD 2014 conference on the Gold Coast, several presenters addressed issues surrounding “tribes”: nursing, medical, ICU, Emergency, Anaesthetics, Pre-Hospital and specialities. (Big shout out to @Socratic_EM, @cliffreid et al.) All presenters promoted a blurring of the “tribes” for the betterment of patient care.

Similarly, recent practice changes and coronial investigations have promoted readily identifiable clothing, tabards of stickers identifying roles in resuscitation or intervention situations, especially when teams are ad hoc and staff capabilities are unclear.

All of these ideas and practice changes are valuable. But that isn’t what this post is about.

When we do know our staff, and we do know our own capabilities, we shouldn’t be afraid to cede responsibility to another with more knowledge of a process or procedure. We don’t lose power or respect, rather we empower others and ourselves.

The Director of ICU wasn’t any less in charge of the situation, and wasn’t any less of a decision maker. He knew what his role was and so did everyone else there. But it had been a long time since he had actually prepped a patient for a trip to radiology.

Even without identifying markers, everyone else knew their roles as well. And amongst the senior staff, any one of us could have coordinated the transfer. It was just via allocation that it was me.

Similarly, if the senior registrar had taken a moment to assess the situation, breathe in, and look – he wouldn’t have been at a disadvantage when it came his turn to lead the team to and from the radiology department, either. We learn these lessons in first aid, in PHTLS, ALS, ATLS and all the other courses we do. Sometimes it is a matter of safety, and sometimes just to ease the wheels of communication and teamwork.

Midazolam Does Not Work Until it is Given

Midazolam Does Not Work Until It Is Given

Most of us have seen patients on midazolam. Some of us might’ve had some for minimally invasive procedures. The patient doesn’t remember anything and it’s possible they have the same conversation over. The patient doesn’t remember anything and they have the same

oh.

Right.

Anyhow, we had a gentleman who went into VF. He kept his output (he was monitored with both arterial line and ECG) but it was fading. He DID keep his alertness, however. We were very fast with the defibrillator. A senior registrar (who was on scene) proceeded to do what you do…charged, apologised “I’m very sorry sir…!”

And Zapped.

Followed by a cry of “SOMEBODY GET HIM MIDAZOLAM!!!”

And Zapped again.

He reverted, we got him the midazolam, can’t actually remember whether he needed to be intubated…but he remembered everything…and the first thing he did say was “CAN YOU PLEASE NEVER DO THAT AGAIN?”

In anaesthetics, we had a patient who had had his induction dose of proposal, suxemethonium, and fentanyl. We intubated him reasonably promptly, and as the anaesthetic nurse I set out to help the scout nurse with positioning the patient. The anaesthetist answered his telephone. The patient didn’t like us moving him. Pressure alarms went off on the ventilator…the whole thing. The anaesthetist gave more propofol, we positioned the patient, the surgeon started the procedure…the patient jumped, the anaesthetist rapidly sedated the patient with more propofol and told the surgeon “it was OK, they’ve had some midazolam”.

Except the patient hadn’t yet been given any.

Hence the tip: MIdazolam does not work until it has been given.

Midazolam is wonderful drug in for use in critical care. In small doses, it is relatively short acting. It is painlessly administered intranasally (equivalent dosage for I.V.  – good for kiddies) and usable IV or via deep I.M. (obviously not as painlessly). It has a small number of incompatibilities in solutions and is good for procedural sedation, long term ICU sedation and as a second line treatment for status epilepticus.

It’s not perfect – it can cause respiratory depression or arrest and should be used with caution with intoxicated patients – it is metabolised in the liver via CYP3A4 (of the CYP450 family of oxidising enzymes) so drunk patients may have a prolonged duration of action.

This is NOT an administration guide for a medication. Clinicians should use their own judgement and adhere to relevant policies.

Magill Forces Are Supposed To Be Bent…

Paediatric Magill Forceps

Paediatric Magill Forceps

Magill Forceps Are Supposed to Be Bent.

This was the Original Tip that started them all…

Magill Forceps are a useful tool will a many and varied uses, sort of like a one-trick pocket knife. Primarily designed for assisting the movement of the Endotracheal or Nasotracheal tube into the chords during laryngoscopy, they come in different sizes for different sized patients.

One hospital I worked in kept a couple in the draw of the anaesthetic machine, a small one and an adult one (we never used the two for the intended purpose unless it was an emergency). We’d use them for extending our reach for things, passing trachy tape under a large patient’s head after intubation, for instance.

One day, in a complete fluke (honest) the paediatric one got “straightened” in the closure of the draw. Now it was completely useless for its intended purpose and always getting in the way.

Ivan Magill was an Irishman and prolific inventor whose assistant (see who gets the credit!?) invented the Endotracheal Tube and what we know as the “Patient Piece” (in ICU) or “Liquorice Stick” (in Anaesthetics). Magill invented the connector that fits between, amongst many other things, including his “bent” forceps.

He was an Anaesthetist in the RAMC during WW1 and worked after the war with one of the other great medical inventors, Captain Gillies (a WW1 surgeon who also has a forcep to his name).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Magill

Thanks to CoCo for going on holiday.